The escalating global pollution crisis calls for innovative solutions that go beyond conventional waste management practices. Traditional linear economic models, characterized by a 'take-make-dispose' approach, have contributed significantly to waste generation, resource depletion, and various forms of pollution.

Landfills have long been a primary method for waste disposal, but their environmental impact is becoming increasingly concerning. The accumulation of waste in landfills leads to soil pollution, water contamination, and greenhouse gas emissions, all of which pose serious threats to ecosystems and human health.

As urban environments continue to expand, city dwellers are increasingly feeling the effects of elevated temperatures known as the urban heat island effect. This phenomenon occurs when urban areas become significantly warmer than their rural surroundings due to human activities, extensive use of dark surfaces, and a lack of vegetation.

Air quality is a crucial factor that significantly affects our health and well-being. While we often focus on outdoor pollution, indoor air quality can be just as concerning, if not more so. In fact, studies have shown that indoor air can be more polluted than outdoor air, primarily due to various pollutants that accumulate in enclosed spaces.

As the world becomes increasingly aware of environmental issues, one term that has gained significant attention is microplastics. These tiny plastic particles, less than five millimeters in diameter, have infiltrated our ecosystems, particularly our water sources.